Definition of computer: The computer is an electronic machine made with electronic device. it accepts the raw data through input device, process it based on the set of instruction given (called programs) and produces the information as output on the output device. The important feature of computers is its storage capability which can store the information and can be retrieved as and when required.
The essential elements of a computer system are the things that you need for it to work. Without these, the computer system would either not work or not function properly. Here’s a basic overview of the essential Of components of the computer. These components are found in nearly every computer:
v Software: You need software for the computer to function when it is switched on. You should have an operating system. The operating system interface is the brain of the computer that keeps it functioning. The most popular operating systems in the world are produced by Microsoft although others are produced by companies such as Apple and Linux. Software is categories as two parts:
1. System Software: System software refers to the files and programs that make up your computer’s operating system. System files include libraries of functions, system services, drivers for printers and other hardware, system preferences, and other configuration files. The programs that are part of the system software include assemblers, compilers, file management tools, system utilities, and debuggers.
2. Application software: An application, or application program, is a software program that runs on your computer, Application software may be grouped along with system software. Web browsers, e-mail programs, word processors, games, and utilities are all applications or application Software.
v Hardware: is also needed to make the computer function. Pieces of hardware that are necessary are the screen, mouse, keyboard, disk drives, fans to cool the computer and the processing units. Hardware is anything you can see on the computer really. Here’s a basic overview of the essential of hardware components of the computer:
Case: – The outer case that perfectly includes all the hardware components within it.
Power Supply: Power supply is one of the core components that deserve proper mentioning as there are different types of power supply provisions to the computer. The type to be assigned depends entirely upon the respective computer system.
Motherboard: Think of the motherboard as the backbone of nearly any technological device. It holds all the major components of the computer, including the hard drive, processor, memory and peripheral ports like the USB. Most motherboards in computers, and to some extent laptops, are called expandable. This means that you can replace components as long as they are compatible. For example, you can take out a hard drive and replace it with another that has more storage capacity.
If you can’t take parts out, you may see the term main board used. This term is usually applied to devices like TVs, washing machines, refrigerators, and so on.
Networking cards: Networking cards, or network interfacing cards, may be separate cards or integrated into the motherboard. Their purpose is to provide a way for your computer to connect to the network and Internet. Many new computers will have the network card integrated into the motherboard, along with other components. If you own a laptop, you can connect to Wi-Fi networks through a Wi-Fi card which is usually close to the outer edges of the device. Most desktops don’t have this card, but you can purchase them if you want to be able to connect to Wi-Fi.
Graphics card: A graphics or video card can come in two varieties – integrated or expansion. An integrated video card is connected directly to the motherboard and is usually found as a part of the processor. An expansion video card is a separate card that is connected to another part of the motherboard called an expansion port. The job of the video card is to create the graphics and images that can be shown on a monitor. Without one of these, we would not be able to visualize the data, and computers would be useless.
Microprocessor: The processor also known as a Central Processing Unit or CPU – is the brain of the computer. Its job is to carry out the instructions of computer programs that are stored in the computer’s memory. The speed of a processor is measured in MHz or Megahertz. This measurement indicates how fast a processor can read electrical pulses. For example, a 100MHz processor can read 100,000,000 pulses of light in one second. As a reference, most mid to high-range computers have processors with speeds around 3.0GHz.
Hard drive: The hard drive is where programs and files are stored. More traditional drives are called Hard Disk Drives (HDD) and are comprised of a series of magnetized disks which store the data. These disks spin under a magnetic arm which can read and write data. Newer hard drives are called Solid-state Drives (SSD) and use electrical circuits to store data. These are much faster than traditional HDDs and are starting to be found in more and more computers.
USB ports: The Universal Serial Bus, or USB, is a standard that covers a certain type of cable, connectors and communication. It is a standard way for computer components like mice, keyboards, phones, etc. to be connected to the computer. Nearly everything that is not a physical part of the motherboard or internal computer is connected using a USB connection. The cool thing about the USB is not only does it allow you to use your computer as a communication device, but it also allows the connected device to draw electrical power from the computer, essentially transforming your computer into an electrical outlet. That’s why you can charge your phone, or run an external hard drive simply by plugging it into your computer’s USB port. This standard has become so popular that many computers now come with multiple ports – some with as many as eight.!
Monitor ports: Computers are great, but without monitors, they would be largely useless for everyday use. Monitors come in many sizes and varieties. Newer monitors can connect to your computer through HDMI or VGA ports. HDMI – High-Definition Multimedia Interface – is a newer format that can display high-definition images, while VGA – Video Graphics Array – is typically found in older monitors. As technology advances, you will see fewer VGA monitors and connections in use, with many manufacturers offering monitors that only use HDMI.
